The criminal justice system is comprised of various organisations that collaborate to address cases involving individuals accused of breaking the law. It consists of law enforcement agencies, courts and judges, and individuals responsible for administering punishment to those found guilty. Law enforcement agencies investigate crimes and apprehend suspects, while the courts determine guilt or innocence and decide on appropriate punishments for the guilty. Those responsible for administering punishment may impose jail or prison sentences, or opt for probation or parole.
The criminal justice system is a collection of institutions that an accused offender must navigate until their accusations are resolved or they receive their punishment. It comprises three primary components: law enforcement, the judicial process, and corrections. Law enforcement encompasses police officers, sheriffs, and marshals who are responsible for investigating crimes and apprehending suspects. The judicial process involves judges, prosecutors, and defence lawyers who collaborate to determine the guilt or innocence of the accused and the appropriate punishment. Corrections involve prison officials, probation officers, and parole officers who oversee the implementation of the offender’s punishment. For instance, if someone is accused of car theft, they will be apprehended by a police officer (law enforcement). Subsequently, they will undergo a trial where a judge, prosecutor, and defence lawyer will ascertain their guilt or innocence (judicial process). If found guilty, they will be incarcerated and supervised by prison officials (corrections).
You have the right to remain silent, the right to an attorney, and the right to a fair and speedy trial.
A misdemeanor is a less serious crime with a maximum penalty of one year in jail, while a felony is a more serious crime with a potential penalty of more than one year in prison.
Yes, you can be charged with a crime based on evidence and witness testimony, but you have the right to defend yourself in court.
If you are granted bail, you or someone on your behalf can pay the bail amount set by the court to secure your release until your trial.
A public defender is a lawyer appointed by the court to represent individuals who cannot afford to hire their own attorney.
In order to be convicted of a crime, the prosecution must present evidence that proves your guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Probation is a sentence that allows a person to remain in the community under supervision, while parole is the release of a prisoner before the end of their sentence, subject to certain conditions.
Yes, you have the right to appeal a criminal conviction if you believe there were errors in the trial process or in the application of the law.
A grand jury is responsible for determining whether there is enough evidence to indict a person and bring them to trial.
As a victim of a crime, you have the right to be informed about the progress of the case, to be present at court proceedings, and to provide a victim impact statement at sentencing.
This site contains general legal information but does not constitute professional legal advice for your particular situation. Persuing this glossary does not create an attorney-client or legal adviser relationship. If you have specific questions, please consult a qualified attorney licensed in your jurisdiction.
This glossary post was last updated: 17th April 2024.
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