Immunity refers to being shielded from illness or harm. It can be likened to having a protective barrier that ensures your safety. Additionally, it can imply exemption from a task or responsibility.
The term “immune” is an adjective that refers to having protection from a disease or illness, or being unaffected by something. For instance, receiving a flu shot can make a person immune to the flu virus, while some individuals have a natural immunity to poison ivy and can touch it without experiencing a rash. Additionally, diplomatic immunity can render someone immune from prosecution, as demonstrated by the example of an ambassador. These examples showcase how immunity can provide protection from harm or liability.
No, diplomatic immunity only protects diplomats from criminal prosecution in the host country, but it does not grant immunity from civil liability or immunity for serious crimes.
Government officials may have limited immunity from lawsuits depending on their position and the nature of the alleged misconduct. However, this immunity is not absolute and can be waived in certain circumstances.
Self-defence can be a valid legal defence in certain situations, but it does not grant complete immunity from liability. The use of force must be proportionate and reasonable under the circumstances.
Mental illness can be a factor in determining criminal responsibility, but it does not automatically grant immunity from legal consequences. The court will assess the individual’s mental state and capacity to understand the nature of their actions.
Witnesses generally do not have immunity from prosecution, but they may be granted immunity in exchange for their testimony. This means that their own statements cannot be used against them in a subsequent criminal prosecution.
Minors are generally subject to the same legal consequences as adults for their actions, although the juvenile justice system may provide different procedures and penalties. However, certain legal protections may be in place to consider the age and maturity of the minor.
Duress can be a defence in certain situations, but it does not grant complete immunity from legal consequences. The court will consider the level of threat or coercion and whether the individual had a reasonable alternative to committing the unlawful act.
Emergency situations can be a factor in determining criminal liability, but they do not automatically grant immunity from legal consequences. The court will assess whether the individual’s actions were reasonable and necessary under the circumstances.
Whistleblower laws provide certain protections to individuals who report illegal activities or wrongdoing. While these laws can offer some immunity from retaliation, they do not guarantee complete immunity from legal consequences if the whistleblower themselves participated in the illegal activity.
As a victim of a crime, you are generally not immune from legal consequences. However, the court may consider the impact of the crime on the victim when determining appropriate penalties or restitution.
This site contains general legal information but does not constitute professional legal advice for your particular situation. Persuing this glossary does not create an attorney-client or legal adviser relationship. If you have specific questions, please consult a qualified attorney licensed in your jurisdiction.
This glossary post was last updated: 17th April 2024.
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