Define: International Humanitarian Law

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is a set of rules that aim to limit the effects of armed conflict and protect individuals who are not or are no longer participating in hostilities, such as civilians and prisoners of war.

The purpose of International Humanitarian Law is to ensure that even in times of armed conflict, certain fundamental principles are respected, such as the protection of civilians, the prohibition of torture, and the humane treatment of prisoners of war.

International Humanitarian Law is binding on all parties to an armed conflict, including states, non-state armed groups, and individuals. It applies regardless of whether the conflict is international or non-international in nature.

War crimes are serious violations of International Humanitarian Law committed during armed conflicts. They include acts such as intentionally targeting civilians, torture, rape, and the use of prohibited weapons.

While both International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law aim to protect individuals, they apply in different contexts. International Humanitarian Law specifically applies during armed conflicts, while Human Rights Law applies during peacetime.

Yes, individuals can be held accountable for violations of International Humanitarian Law. This can be done through domestic or international courts, such as the International Criminal Court, which has jurisdiction over war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

International Humanitarian Law allows for certain exceptions in cases of military necessity. However, these exceptions are limited and must be proportionate to the military advantage sought.

The ICRC is an independent humanitarian organisation that plays a crucial role in promoting and ensuring compliance with International Humanitarian Law. It provides assistance to victims of armed conflicts and works to raise awareness about the importance of respecting IHL.

International Humanitarian Law is enforced through various mechanisms, including domestic courts, international tribunals, and the United Nations Security Council. States also have a responsibility to investigate and prosecute individuals responsible for war crimes.

No, states cannot derogate from their obligations under International Humanitarian Law, even during emergencies or national security threats. The principles of IHL must be respected at all times, and any derogation would be considered a violation of international law.