Define: Military Government

A military government is a form of government where the military holds the ultimate power and authority to govern a country or region. It is usually established during times of war, political instability, or in response to a coup d’état.

In a military government, the military assumes control over the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, whereas in a civilian government, these branches are separate and operate independently. Military governments often prioritize national security and defence over civil liberties and democratic processes.

The legality of a military government depends on the specific circumstances and the laws of the country in question. In some cases, a military government may be established through legal means, such as a constitutional provision or emergency powers granted by the existing government. However, in other cases, military takeovers may be considered illegal and unconstitutional.

Under a military government, certain civil liberties and fundamental rights may be restricted or suspended. These can include freedom of speech, assembly, and association, as well as limitations on the right to a fair trial and habeas corpus. The military often imposes strict censorship and surveillance measures to maintain control.

Challenging the decisions made by a military government can be challenging, as the military usually holds significant power and control. However, depending on the legal framework and the presence of an independent judiciary, civilians may have limited avenues to challenge decisions through legal means, such as filing petitions or seeking international intervention.

The duration of a military government can vary widely. Some military governments are short-lived, while others can last for years or even decades. The length of their rule often depends on factors such as the stability of the country, the military’s ability to maintain control, and the level of opposition or resistance from the civilian population.

International organisations, such as the United Nations or regional bodies like the African Union or the European Union, may intervene in a country under military government if there are concerns about human rights violations, threats to regional stability, or breaches of international law. However, the extent of their intervention and effectiveness can vary depending on the specific circumstances and the willingness of the military government to cooperate.

Under a military government, the existing legal system may undergo significant changes. The military often establishes its own legal framework, which may prioritize military law and regulations over civilian laws. Courts and judicial processes may be restructured, and military tribunals may be established to handle cases related to national security or offenses against the military government.

Holding a military government accountable for its actions can be challenging, as they often have control over the legal system and the means to suppress opposition. However, international pressure, public protests, and the work of human rights organisations can help shed light on human rights abuses and hold the military government accountable on a global scale.

Transitioning from a military government to civilian rule can be a complex process. It often involves negotiations, constitutional reforms, and the establishment of democratic institutions. International mediation and support can play a crucial role in facilitating a peaceful transition and ensuring the protection of human rights and democratic principles.