Define: Plenary

Plenary power refers to the complete and absolute authority that a governing body or individual possesses within a specific jurisdiction. It allows them to make decisions and take actions without any limitations or restrictions.

In the United States, plenary power is typically vested in the federal government, specifically in Congress. However, certain powers may also be granted to state governments, depending on the constitutional framework.

Yes, plenary power can be challenged in court if it is believed to be exercised in an unconstitutional or unlawful manner. The judiciary has the authority to review and potentially strike down actions taken under plenary power if they violate established legal principles.

While plenary power is generally broad and extensive, it is not without limitations. The exercise of plenary power must still comply with constitutional provisions, including fundamental rights and due process guarantees. Additionally, international treaties and agreements may impose restrictions on the exercise of plenary power.

Yes, plenary power can be delegated to other entities or individuals by the governing body that possesses it. This delegation can be temporary or permanent, and it allows the delegated entity to exercise the same level of authority within the specified scope.

Examples of plenary power include the authority of Congress to regulate interstate commerce, the power of the President to issue executive orders, and the power of state governments to establish and enforce criminal laws.

Plenary power can be revoked or limited through constitutional amendments, court decisions, or legislative actions. However, such changes require a formal process and often involve significant political and legal considerations.

Plenary power has historically played a significant role in shaping immigration law in the United States. It grants the federal government broad authority to regulate immigration and make decisions regarding entry, deportation, and naturalization.

While plenary power is extensive, it cannot be used to violate individual rights protected by the Constitution. Courts have the power to review and strike down actions taken under plenary power if they infringe upon fundamental rights or due process.

Yes, plenary power can be challenged on the basis of discrimination if it is exercised in a manner that disproportionately affects certain groups based on race, religion, nationality, or other protected characteristics. Courts can review such claims and assess whether the exercise of plenary power is discriminatory and unconstitutional.