The Montreal Agreement is a unique agreement that has been signed by the majority of airlines. It ensures that in the event of any harm or fatality to a passenger, the airline cannot evade responsibility by making excuses. Instead, they are obligated to provide compensation of up to $75,000 per passenger. It is important to note that this agreement is applicable solely to flights originating, terminating, or transiting through the United States.
The Montreal Agreement, signed by most international airlines, eliminates the liability limitation for death and personal injury cases set by the Warsaw Convention. The current limitation is approximately $20,000. Additionally, the agreement increases the liability limit per passenger to $75,000 and imposes absolute liability on the carrier for all flights originating, stopping, or terminating in the United States. In other words, if a passenger is injured or killed during a flight that starts, stops, or ends in the United States, the airline is fully responsible for damages up to $75,000 per passenger. This means that the airline cannot use due-care defences to avoid liability. The Montreal Agreement was the outcome of negotiations in 1965 and 1966, prompted by the United States’ withdrawal from the Warsaw Convention. The primary reason for the withdrawal was the convention’s insufficient liability limits, which were deemed inadequate for compensating passengers for injuries or deaths resulting from air travel.
The Montreal Agreement is an international treaty that aims to reduce the production and consumption of substances that deplete the ozone layer.
The Montreal Agreement was signed on September 16, 1987.
197 countries are parties to the Montreal Agreement, including the United States, Canada, and most European countries.
The Montreal Agreement covers substances that deplete the ozone layer, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and halons.
Parties to the Montreal Agreement are required to phase out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances according to a schedule established by the treaty.
The Montreal Protocol is the implementing treaty for the Montreal Agreement, providing detailed guidelines for the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances.
Most parties to the Montreal Agreement have complied with their obligations, resulting in a significant reduction in the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.
Parties that fail to comply with the Montreal Agreement may face economic sanctions or other penalties.
The Montreal Agreement has contributed to the mitigation of climate change by reducing the emissions of ozone-depleting substances, which are also potent greenhouse gases.
The Montreal Agreement will continue to be an important international treaty for the protection of the ozone layer, with ongoing efforts to monitor compliance and address emerging issues.
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This glossary post was last updated: 16th April 2024.
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